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Strong Support
descriptive
Analysis v3
History

Blood levels of four specific biological molecules—zonulin-1, anti-beta-lactoglobulin IgG antibodies, lipopolysaccharides, and soluble CD14—can be used to tell apart people with fibromyalgia or...

41
Pro
0
Against

Mechanism

Synthesis from 1 study

How it works

A leaky gut lets bacteria and food particles into the blood, which tricks the immune system into staying on high alert. This constant immune response creates inflammation and affects nerves, causing fatigue and pain, while leaving behind measurable chemical signs in the blood that can help identify...

Most probable mechanism

In Simple Terms

When the lining of the gut becomes leaky, bacteria and their waste products escape into the bloodstream. The immune system detects these foreign substances and responds by activating immune cells, which release signals that cause widespread low-grade inflammation. This ongoing immune activity affects nerves and organs, leading to symptoms like fatigue and pain, and leaves detectable traces in the blood that can be measured as biomarkers.

Causal chain
1

Intestinal epithelial tight junctions are disrupted, increasing permeability of the gut barrier

Supported by evidence
which leads to
2

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides translocate from the gut lumen into systemic circulation

Supported by evidence
which leads to
3

Circulating lipopolysaccharides bind to soluble CD14, triggering monocyte and macrophage activation via TLR4 signaling

Supported by evidence
which leads to
4

Activated immune cells initiate low-grade systemic inflammation through cytokine release

Indirect evidence only
which leads to
5

Systemic inflammation and immune activation lead to neuroimmune dysregulation and autonomic dysfunction

Supported by evidence
which leads to
6

Exposure to dietary antigens such as beta-lactoglobulin increases due to gut permeability, inducing IgG antibody production

Supported by evidence
which leads to
7

Zonulin-1 is released as a marker of intestinal barrier disruption and correlates with other biomarkers of immune activation

Supported by evidence

Evidence from Studies

Supporting (1)

41

Community contributions welcome

41

Increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation are associated with fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: implications for disease-related biomarker discovery

Cross-Sectional Study
Human
2023

Contradicting (0)

0

Community contributions welcome

No contradicting evidence found

Gold Standard Evidence Needed

According to GRADE and EBM methodology, here is what ideal scientific evidence would look like to definitively prove or disprove this specific claim, ordered from strongest to weakest evidence.

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Source Study

Increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation are associated with fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: implications for disease-related biomarker discovery

Score: 41
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253121

Similar Assertions

People with fibromyalgia have higher levels of two specific proteins in their blood—zonulin-1 and anti-beta-lactoglobulin IgG antibodies—than people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, which may indicate differences in intestinal barrier function between the two conditions.

41
0
89%

People with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome have higher levels of certain blood markers related to intestinal barrier function and immune response than healthy individuals, and higher levels of one of these markers, zonulin-1, are linked to the severity of autonomic nervous system symptoms.

41
0
86%

People with fibromyalgia show higher levels of certain blood markers related to intestinal barrier function and immune response compared to healthy individuals, and these higher levels are associated with lower scores on measures of physical and mental well-being.

41
0
78%