For every point increase in HOMA-IR score (a measure of insulin resistance), Korean adults with healthy kidneys have a 13% higher chance of developing kidney disease over 11 years.

Korean adults with healthy kidneys who have high insulin resistance (HOMA-IR >1.9) are 40% more likely to develop kidney disease over 11 years compared to those with normal insulin resistance.

In Korean adults with healthy kidneys, the link between insulin resistance and kidney disease risk doesn't change based on age, gender, high blood pressure, or obesity status.