In male patients with coronary artery disease, replacing refined rice with a daily isocaloric serving of whole grain and legume powder for 16 weeks significantly reduces fasting serum glucose by 24% and insulin by 14%, improves insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA, and lowers the area under the curve for glucose and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test.

When whole grains and legumes replace refined rice, the fiber and complex carbs slow down how fast sugar enters the blood. This means the pancreas doesn't need to release as much insulin, and over time, the body's cells become more responsive to insulin. At the same time, antioxidants in these foods neutralize harmful molecules that damage fats in the blood and cells, which further helps insulin work better and lowers toxic byproducts in the body.