Among overweight or obese adolescent girls who skip breakfast, eating a morning meal with 35 grams of protein from eggs and beef reduces hunger, increases fullness, alters hunger-related hormones, and reduces evening snacking on high-fat foods compared to skipping breakfast or eating a low-protein cereal breakfast, without changing total daily calorie intake.
See the scientific wording
In overweight or obese, breakfast-skipping late-adolescent girls, consuming a 350-kcal breakfast containing 35 grams of high-quality protein from eggs and beef reduces daily hunger, increases fullness, suppresses ghrelin, elevates peptide YY, and decreases evening snacking of high-fat foods compared to skipping breakfast or consuming a 13-gram protein cereal-based breakfast, despite no significant change in total daily energy intake.
Very strong evidence
Randomized trialsOne good-quality study supports this claim.
What the research says
1 study reviewedSupporting (1)
Randomized Controlled TrialHuman2013
This study found that when overweight teenage girls who usually skip breakfast eat a protein-rich breakfast with eggs and beef, they feel less hungry, fuller longer, and snack less on fatty foods later in the day — even if they eat the same total calories. It works better than eating a cereal breakfast or skipping breakfast altogether.
Contradicting (0)
No contradicting studies found yet
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Score breakdown, mechanism chain, raw evidence, ideal studies needed & 1 supporting study
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Among overweight or obese adolescent girls who skip breakfast, eating a morning meal with 35 grams of protein from eggs and beef reduces hunger, increases fullness, alters hunger-related hormones, and reduces evening snacking on high-fat foods compared to skipping breakfast or eating a low-protein cereal breakfast, without changing total daily calorie intake.
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
Community contributions welcome
This study found that when overweight teenage girls who usually skip breakfast eat a protein-rich breakfast with eggs and beef, they feel less hungry, fuller longer, and snack less on fatty foods later in the day — even if they eat the same total calories. It works better than eating a cereal breakfast or skipping breakfast altogether.
Contradicting (0)
Community contributions welcome
Score Breakdown
No multi-axis breakdown available yet. The overall Pro / Against score above is the best signal.
- No clinical evidence is available; the score reflects mechanistic plausibility only.
What Would Prove This
Per GRADE and EBM methodology, here is what ideal scientific evidence would look like to definitively prove or disprove this claim, ordered from strongest to weakest.
Systematic Review of High-Protein Breakfasts on Hunger, Hormones, and Snacking in Overweight Adolescent Girls
Population: Overweight or obese, breakfast-skipping late-adolescent girls; Intervention: 350-kcal breakfast with 35 g protein from eggs and beef; Comparator: Skipping breakfast or 13 g protein cereal-based breakfast; Outcomes: Daily hunger, fullness, ghrelin, peptide YY, evening high-fat snacking, total energy intake; Duration: Minimum 4 weeks of daily intervention.
Double-Blind Randomized Trial of High-Protein vs Low-Protein Breakfasts on Satiety and Snacking in Overweight Adolescent Girls
Population: Overweight or obese, breakfast-skipping late-adolescent girls; Intervention: 350-kcal breakfast with 35 g protein from eggs and beef; Comparator: Skipping breakfast or 13 g protein cereal-based breakfast; Outcomes: Daily hunger, fullness, ghrelin, peptide YY, evening high-fat snacking, total energy intake; Duration: 4–8 weeks with random assignment and blinding of participants and assessors.
Prospective Cohort Study of Breakfast Protein Intake and Snacking Patterns in Overweight Adolescent Girls
Population: Overweight or obese, breakfast-skipping late-adolescent girls; Exposure: Natural variation in breakfast protein content (35 g vs 13 g vs none); Outcomes: Changes in hunger, fullness, ghrelin, peptide YY, evening snacking over 6–12 months; Follow-up: Regular biochemical and behavioral assessments.
Case-Control Study Comparing High-Protein Breakfast Consumers vs Non-Consumers in Overweight Adolescent Girls with High Evening Snacking
Population: Overweight or obese, breakfast-skipping late-adolescent girls; Cases: Those with high evening snacking and low morning protein intake; Controls: Those with low evening snacking and high morning protein intake; Comparison: Retrospective assessment of breakfast composition, hormone levels, and snacking patterns.
Cross-Sectional Survey of Breakfast Patterns, Hormone Levels, and Snacking in Overweight Adolescent Girls
Population: Overweight or obese, breakfast-skipping late-adolescent girls; Measurement: Single-time assessment of breakfast type, ghrelin, peptide YY, hunger/fullness scores, and evening snacking frequency; No intervention or follow-up.