Turning liquid oil into solid spread by adding hydrogen makes a harmful fat that hurts your heart.

This study found that after a new law banned harmful oils used in processed foods, those oils disappeared from store products. Since those oils were the main source of bad trans fats linked to heart disease, this supports the claim that they’re dangerous and should be removed.

This study found that unhealthy fats made by processing vegetable oils cause blood vessel cells to become inflamed and lose their ability to relax, which can lead to heart disease—exactly what the claim says.

This study says that the artificial fats made when factories turn vegetable oils into solid fats (like in fried snacks and baked goods) cause heart disease and liver problems, which matches exactly what the claim says.

This study looked at natural trans fats from cows, not the artificial ones made in factories. But it found that only the factory-made ones are linked to heart disease, which means the claim about industrial hydrogenation being harmful is correct.

This study says that when factories change vegetable oils to make them solid (like in margarine), they create bad fats called trans fats that can hurt your heart—exactly what the claim says.