Lifting light or heavy weights until failure doesn’t clearly make your fast-twitch muscle fibers bigger in your thighs — the data is too mixed to say one is better.
Scientific Claim
Low-load and high-load resistance training performed to muscular failure show no statistically significant difference in type II muscle fiber hypertrophy in the quadriceps of young, untrained individuals, with a standardized mean difference of 0.30 (95% CI: -0.05 to 0.66), indicating the true effect could be trivial or moderately favorable to either training load.
Original Statement
“In the meta-analysis for the effects of low-load vs. high-load resistance training on type II muscle fiber hypertrophy, there was no significant difference between the training conditions (standardized mean difference: 0.30; 95% confidence interval: –0.05, 0.66; p = 0.089; I² = 0%; 95% prediction interval: –0.28, 0.88).”
Evidence Quality Assessment
Claim Status
appropriately stated
Study Design Support
Design supports claim
Appropriate Language Strength
association
Can only show association/correlation
Assessment Explanation
The authors correctly report non-significance and wide intervals, avoiding claims of equivalence. The study design (meta-analysis of low-sample-size studies with unknown RCT status) only supports associative interpretation.
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
The Effects of Low-Load Vs. High-Load Resistance Training on Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy: A Meta-Analysis
This study found that lifting light weights and lifting heavy weights, both until you can't do another rep, result in about the same muscle growth in the thighs — neither is clearly better.