Making big fat cells smaller by eating less, moving more, or having weight-loss surgery helps fat cells work better and improves your health.

To stop metabolic diseases, doctors might need new treatments that make small fat cells grow, create new fat cells, and shrink big ones.

Reduction in adipose tissue volume is accompanied by increased adipocyte density, reflecting smaller adipocyte size, improved vascularization, reduced hypoxia, and decreased local inflammation.

Scientists don’t know enough about how the whole mix of small and big fat cells works together to affect health.