The yogurt snack was much less dense in calories per gram than the chocolate or crackers, which might help explain why it kept people fuller longer.
Scientific Claim
In healthy women aged 27 ± 2 years with normal BMI (23.4 ± 0.7 kg/m²), the energy density of a 160-kcal high-protein yogurt snack (0.94 kcal/g) is significantly lower than that of high-fat crackers (5.10 kcal/g) or chocolate (4.87 kcal/g), and this difference may contribute to enhanced satiety.
Original Statement
“Energy Density (kcal/g): Yogurt 0.94, Crackers 5.10, Chocolate 4.87”
Evidence Quality Assessment
Claim Status
understated
Study Design Support
Design cannot support claim
Appropriate Language Strength
association
Can only show association/correlation
Assessment Explanation
The claim describes a measured characteristic, but the study cannot isolate energy density from protein. The phrasing should reflect association, not mechanism.
More Accurate Statement
“In healthy women aged 27 ± 2 years with normal BMI (23.4 ± 0.7 kg/m²), the energy density of a 160-kcal high-protein yogurt snack (0.94 kcal/g) is significantly lower than that of high-fat crackers (5.10 kcal/g) or chocolate (4.87 kcal/g), and this difference is associated with enhanced satiety outcomes, though causality cannot be determined due to confounding with protein content.”
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
Effects of high-protein vs. high- fat snacks on appetite control, satiety, and eating initiation in healthy women
The study found that eating a low-calorie, high-protein yogurt snack made women feel less hungry and wait longer before eating again compared to eating fattier snacks like crackers or chocolate, even though all snacks had the same calories — meaning the yogurt helped them feel fuller longer.