In obese mice, a single injection of a specific human protein called apolipoprotein A-IV lowers blood sugar levels by about half within two hours by enhancing glucose uptake in fat tissues and decreasing glucose output from the liver, without involving insulin.

In obese mice, injecting apolipoprotein A-IV leads to higher fat burning and a 44% reduction in food consumption within 24 hours, which causes weight loss over eight days mainly because the mice eat less, not because they burn more energy.

In obese mice, injecting apolipoprotein A-IV leads to a 220% increase in insulin release and a 140% increase in C-peptide during a glucose tolerance test, suggesting a direct enhancement of insulin production by pancreatic beta cells.

In obese mice, injecting apolipoprotein A-IV changes the levels of certain liver proteins involved in lipid transport, increasing those that help clear lipoproteins and decreasing those linked to artery disease, which may improve how the body processes fats.