Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
MOTS-c increased the production of a protein called ANGPTL4 in the muscles of immobilized mice, which helps control fat uptake into muscle tissue.
Mechanistic
MOTS-c changed the activity of genes related to fat metabolism and PPAR pathways in the muscles of immobilized mice, which may affect how fat builds up in muscle tissue.
MOTS-c reduced levels of several inflammatory proteins in the blood of immobilized mice, which may help reduce muscle damage.
Descriptive
MOTS-c helped maintain higher activity levels of key muscle signaling proteins (AKT, FOXO1, FOXO3a) in immobilized mice, which are important for muscle health.
When mice had their legs immobilized for 8 days, giving them MOTS-c helped their muscles lose less weight (5% instead of 15%) compared to mice that didn't get the treatment.
Quantitative
For people with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes, sufficient oxygen in their muscles is linked to better energy recovery after exercise.
Correlational
Higher blood sugar levels in obese adults with type 2 diabetes are linked to how well their muscles produce energy during exercise recovery.
Extra oxygen helps obese adults with type 2 diabetes produce muscle energy more quickly after exercise, as measured by oxidative phosphorylation rates.
Giving extra oxygen to obese adults with type 2 diabetes helps their muscles recover energy faster after exercise, as measured by quicker ADP depletion.
Obese adults with type 2 diabetes have slower muscle energy production rates after exercise compared to those without diabetes, as measured by oxidative phosphorylation.
People with type 2 diabetes who are sedentary and obese take longer to recover their muscle energy levels after exercise compared to obese people without diabetes, as measured by how quickly their muscles use up ADP.
At the start of the study, people with HIV who had denser thigh muscles also had lower levels of certain inflammation markers, like TNF-alpha and IL-6.
The exercise program didn't change levels of inflammation markers in older people with HIV compared to those who didn't exercise.
Older people with HIV who did the exercise program for 16 weeks probably had much stronger legs (51.8% increase) compared to those who didn't (1.3% increase), and this difference was highly significant.
Causal
Older adults with HIV who exercised for 16 weeks likely had denser thigh muscles (5.2% increase) compared to the control group (0.3% decrease), which was statistically significant.
Older people with HIV who did aerobic and resistance exercise for 16 weeks probably had bigger thigh muscles (7.5% increase) compared to those who didn't (3.1% decrease), and this difference was statistically significant.
In obese people with low growth hormone taking tesamorelin, higher IGF-I levels are linked to better mitochondrial energy efficiency, measured by τPCr.
When only looking at the best-quality muscle energy recovery data, higher IGF-I still links to better recovery in obese people with low growth hormone.
Changes in IGF-I levels don't relate to how much phosphocreatine is used up during exercise or muscle strength in obese people with low growth hormone.
Taking tesamorelin for a year doesn't change blood sugar, insulin levels, or insulin resistance in obese people with low growth hormone.
Even when accounting for factors like age, weight, and insulin levels, higher IGF-I still links to better muscle energy recovery in obese people with low growth hormone.
In obese people with low growth hormone taking tesamorelin, the link between higher IGF-I and better muscle energy recovery is even stronger than in the whole group of participants.
When IGF-I levels go up in obese people with low growth hormone, their muscles recover energy faster after exercise, and this connection is statistically significant.
Taking tesamorelin for a year makes IGF-I levels rise much more in obese people with low growth hormone than taking a dummy pill, with a clear difference between the two groups.