Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
For people with HIV and fatty liver disease on certain HIV drugs, taking tesamorelin for a year likely reduces belly fat by 8.3% while placebo makes it increase by 10.8%.
Causal
After following diets for 18 months, men's hunger hormone levels went up slightly while women's went down, showing a clear gender difference in how the body responds to dieting.
Quantitative
In men with excess belly fat and metabolic issues, a rise in hunger hormone levels was linked to better blood sugar control, higher 'good' cholesterol, and reduced belly fat, even after accounting for how much weight they lost.
Correlational
After following different diets for 18 months, people who ate a green-MED diet (with extra plant-based shakes and green tea) had a bigger increase in their hunger hormone levels compared to those on standard healthy eating guidelines.
People with more belly fat and metabolic issues tend to have lower levels of a hunger hormone called ghrelin, which is linked to higher fat in the liver, more leptin (a fullness hormone), and higher blood pressure.
Blue light raised the stress hormone jasmonic acid by about 15% in tall soybeans and 38% in short soybeans compared to plants grown in the dark.
Blue light changed the levels of 16 proteins that control how soybeans respond to key growth and stress hormones.
Descriptive
In short soybeans, adding brassinolide hormone made stems grow longer under blue light but shorter in the dark, showing light-dependent effects of this hormone.
Blue light made soybean stems thicker by increasing the water-conducting tissue area and shortening the cells, which stopped them from growing taller.
Blue light made a key salicylic acid protein (NPR1) increase by 40% and a gibberellin receptor protein (GID1) decrease by 18% in soybean stems.
Adding GA3 hormone helped soybean stems grow longer in the dark but didn't help them grow under blue light, showing blue light's effect couldn't be undone by this hormone.
In tall soybeans, the balance between growth hormone GA3 and stress hormone JA strongly predicted plant height, while in short soybeans, GA3 and strigolactones were the key ratio for height.
Under blue light, the stress hormone salicylic acid increased by about 56% in tall soybeans and 41% in short soybeans compared to plants grown in the dark.
Blue light made the levels of a key growth hormone (GA3) drop by about 14% in tall soybeans and 20% in short soybeans when grown in the dark versus under blue light.
When soybean plants were exposed to blue light, their height dropped by about two-thirds compared to plants grown in the dark, with both tall and short varieties showing similar reductions.
Using belly fat and good cholesterol levels before surgery predicts belly fat loss better than just measuring weight or waist size alone.
The scoring tool's predictions matched real-world results very well in both the original and new patient groups, meaning it's reliable for clinical use.
A person's waist-to-hip ratio was initially linked to belly fat loss after surgery, but this connection disappeared when considering other factors like belly fat and cholesterol levels before surgery.
People with high blood pressure initially seemed to lose more belly fat after surgery, but this link disappeared when considering other factors like belly fat and cholesterol levels before surgery.
Women were initially thought to lose more belly fat after surgery, but this difference disappeared when considering other factors like cholesterol and belly fat levels before surgery.
A simple scoring tool using belly fat and good cholesterol levels before surgery can accurately predict how much belly fat will be lost after surgery, with 88% accuracy in new patient groups.
People with higher levels of 'good' cholesterol before surgery tend to lose more belly fat after the surgery, with each unit increase in good cholesterol linked to over 10 times higher chance of bigger fat loss.
People with more belly fat before surgery tend to lose more belly fat after the surgery, with each extra square centimeter of belly fat before surgery linked to a slightly higher chance of bigger fat loss.
Even after accounting for belly fat loss, tesamorelin still increased paraspinal muscle density by 1.58 units in people with HIV and belly fat, showing a direct muscle effect.