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Tesamorelin increased rectus lean muscle by 0.85 cm² in people with HIV and belly fat, and this effect stayed strong even after considering belly fat loss.
Causal
Changes in a growth hormone-related factor didn't match changes in muscle density or size in people with HIV and belly fat taking tesamorelin.
Correlational
Tesamorelin increased rectus and psoas muscle size by 0.44 and 0.46 cm² in people with HIV and belly fat, and this effect remained even after accounting for belly fat loss.
Even after accounting for belly fat loss, tesamorelin still increased lean muscle in people with HIV and belly fat, suggesting other factors are involved.
Tesamorelin increased rectus muscle density by 3.5 units in people with HIV and belly fat, which is about the same difference seen between people with and without back pain in other research.
Descriptive
Tesamorelin increased rectus and psoas muscle size by 0.44 and 0.46 cm² in people with HIV and belly fat, but this effect was reduced when considering changes in a growth hormone-related factor.
In people with HIV and belly fat who responded to tesamorelin, muscle density changes were linked to belly fat loss but not to changes in a growth-related hormone.
People with HIV and belly fat who responded to tesamorelin had 0.64 to 1.08 square centimeters more lean muscle in their trunk muscles compared to those who didn't take the drug.
For people with HIV and belly fat who responded to tesamorelin, the drug helped increase muscle density in their trunk muscles by 1.56 to 4.86 units compared to those who didn't take it.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, ipragliflozin reduces waist size more than metformin after 24 weeks, with a noticeable difference in how much waist circumference decreases.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, ipragliflozin improves insulin resistance more than metformin, which doesn't change insulin resistance levels, with a clear difference between the two treatments.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, ipragliflozin lowers insulin levels significantly more than metformin, which actually slightly raises insulin levels, with a clear difference between the two treatments.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, ipragliflozin boosts good cholesterol more than metformin after 24 weeks, with a noticeable difference in how much HDL levels rise.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, metformin reduces bad cholesterol more than ipragliflozin, which actually raises bad cholesterol levels, with a clear difference between the two treatments.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, metformin lowers blood sugar more effectively than ipragliflozin after 24 weeks, with a clear difference in how much HbA1c drops.
When Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes take sitagliptin plus ipragliflozin for 24 weeks, their outer fat layer shrinks, but those taking metformin gain outer fat, with a clear difference between the two treatments.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes taking sitagliptin, taking ipragliflozin for 24 weeks makes belly fat inside the body decrease more than taking metformin, with a noticeable difference in fat loss.
When analyzing gene activity patterns in fat tissue during weight loss, scientists found that liver X receptor alpha might control how adiponectin receptors work, which could affect metabolism.
Whether obese women eat a low-fat or high-fat diet while cutting calories, their fat tissue genes respond the same way, so the type of fat in the diet doesn't change how these genes work during weight loss.
When obese women lose weight on a low-calorie diet, the activity of the PPARγ gene in fat tissue goes down, which affects how fat cells develop and store fat.
Obese women following a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks show reduced activity of the uncoupling protein 2 gene in their fat tissue, which affects how cells produce energy.
When obese women lose weight on a low-calorie diet, the activity of the lipoprotein lipase gene in fat tissue goes down, which affects how fats are stored in cells.
Obese women on a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks show reduced activity of the CD36 gene in their fat tissue, which affects how fatty acids are taken up by cells.
When obese women follow a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks, the activity of the natriuretic peptide receptor gene in fat tissue decreases, which affects how fat cells respond to certain hormones.