Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
Whether obese women eat a low-fat or high-fat diet while cutting calories, their fat tissue genes respond the same way, so the type of fat in the diet doesn't change how these genes work during weight loss.
Causal
When obese women lose weight on a low-calorie diet, the activity of the PPARγ gene in fat tissue goes down, which affects how fat cells develop and store fat.
Obese women following a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks show reduced activity of the uncoupling protein 2 gene in their fat tissue, which affects how cells produce energy.
When obese women lose weight on a low-calorie diet, the activity of the lipoprotein lipase gene in fat tissue goes down, which affects how fats are stored in cells.
Obese women on a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks show reduced activity of the CD36 gene in their fat tissue, which affects how fatty acids are taken up by cells.
When obese women follow a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks, the activity of the natriuretic peptide receptor gene in fat tissue decreases, which affects how fat cells respond to certain hormones.
Obese women on a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks show reduced activity of the hormone-sensitive lipase gene in their fat tissue, which affects how fat is broken down.
When obese women lose weight on a low-calorie diet, the activity of the phosphodiesterase 3B gene in fat tissue goes down, which affects how fat cells respond to insulin.
Obese women following a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks show reduced activity of the osteonectin gene in their fat tissue, which is involved in tissue structure and fat storage.
Obese women on a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks show reduced activity of the leptin gene in their fat tissue, which is linked to hunger regulation.
When obese women follow a low-calorie diet for 10 weeks, the activity of the PGC-1α gene in their fat tissue increases, which helps regulate energy use in cells.
Chitosan doesn't lead to meaningful weight loss in overweight or obese adults over 24 weeks.
Chitosan didn't affect other health measures like body fat, blood pressure, or quality of life compared to a placebo.
Descriptive
A hormone treatment called tesamorelin slightly raises long-term blood sugar levels by 0.19% more than a placebo in people with HIV after six months of treatment.
Chitosan might cause small changes in cholesterol and blood sugar levels, but the study didn't say if they went up or down.
A hormone treatment called tesamorelin raises IGF-1 hormone levels more than a placebo in people with HIV at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months of treatment.
Taking chitosan supplements for 24 weeks may lead to a tiny weight loss compared to a placebo, but this difference is too small to be meaningful for health.
When belly fat decreases in people with HIV, liver fat also tends to decrease, showing a connection between these two types of fat.
Correlational
A hormone treatment called tesamorelin lowers liver enzyme levels by 4 units more than a placebo in people with HIV after six months of treatment.
A hormone treatment called tesamorelin doesn't change the fat under the skin in people with HIV who have excess belly fat after six months of treatment.
A hormone treatment called tesamorelin temporarily raises blood sugar by 7 points more than a placebo in people with HIV after two weeks of treatment, but this effect goes away after six months.
A hormone treatment called tesamorelin lowers liver fat by 2.9% more than a placebo in people with HIV who have excess abdominal fat after six months of treatment.
A hormone treatment called tesamorelin decreases belly fat by 42 square centimeters more than a placebo in people with HIV who have excess abdominal fat after six months of treatment.
Measuring belly fat is more useful for understanding health risks in psoriasis patients than just checking body weight.