Health Claims

Adults with type 2 diabetes who did aerobic exercise had about 27 less ng/mL of ICAM-1 (an inflammation marker) than those who didn't exercise, after 12 weeks.

Correlational

Adults with type 2 diabetes who practiced yoga had about 0.6 lower insulin resistance scores than those who didn't exercise, after 12 weeks.

Correlational

Adults with type 2 diabetes who did aerobic exercise had about 0.6 lower insulin resistance scores than those who didn't exercise, after 12 weeks.

Correlational

Adults with type 2 diabetes who practiced yoga had about 13 more mg/dL lower fasting blood sugar than those who didn't exercise, after 12 weeks.

Correlational

Adults with type 2 diabetes who did aerobic exercise had about 12 more mg/dL lower fasting blood sugar than those who didn't exercise, after 12 weeks.

Correlational

Adults with type 2 diabetes who practiced yoga lost about 1.2 more kilograms than those who didn't exercise, after 12 weeks.

Correlational

Adults with type 2 diabetes who did aerobic exercise lost about 1.5 more kilograms than those who didn't exercise, after 12 weeks.

Correlational

In blood vessel cells under high sugar conditions, uric acid makes them produce more inflammation markers, but insulin doesn't have this effect.

Causal

When immune cells called monocytes are exposed to a bacterial toxin, adding uric acid and insulin together makes them produce more inflammation-related molecules than the toxin alone.

Causal

People with type 2 diabetes who take SGLT-2 inhibitors tend to have lower fasting insulin levels than those using other diabetes drugs.

Correlational

Type 2 diabetes patients taking SGLT-2 inhibitors have lower levels of uric acid in their blood than those on other diabetes medications.

Correlational

People with type 2 diabetes who take SGLT-2 inhibitors tend to have lower levels of a key inflammation marker called interleukin-6 than those taking other diabetes medications.

Correlational

In Korean adults with healthy kidneys, the link between insulin resistance and kidney disease risk doesn't change based on age, gender, high blood pressure, or obesity status.

Correlational

Korean adults with healthy kidneys who have higher leptin-to-adiponectin ratios (a marker of metabolic dysfunction) are 23% more likely to develop kidney disease over 11 years.

Correlational

Korean adults with healthy kidneys who have lower QUICKI scores (indicating worse insulin sensitivity) have a 38% higher chance of developing kidney disease over 11 years compared to those with higher QUICKI scores.

Correlational

For every point increase in HOMA-IR score (a measure of insulin resistance), Korean adults with healthy kidneys have a 13% higher chance of developing kidney disease over 11 years.

Correlational

Korean adults with healthy kidneys who have high insulin resistance (HOMA-IR >1.9) are 40% more likely to develop kidney disease over 11 years compared to those with normal insulin resistance.

Correlational

In kidney cells grown in a lab, insulin causes more URAT1 transporter to be present, which suggests insulin directly affects how kidneys handle uric acid. This finding is from the abstract summary - full study details were not available

Causal

In healthy rats, giving insulin makes the kidneys produce more URAT1 transporter and less ABCG2 transporter, which likely causes the kidneys to hold onto more uric acid instead of excreting it. This finding is from the abstract summary - full study details were not available

Causal

When diabetic rats are given insulin, their kidneys excrete less uric acid, and the levels of key uric acid transporters (URAT1 and ABCG2) return to normal, which helps explain why insulin can affect uric acid levels. This finding is from the abstract summary - full study details were not available

Causal

In diabetic rats, the kidneys show lower levels of the URAT1 transporter and higher levels of the ABCG2 transporter in the membrane parts of kidney cells, which helps explain why more uric acid is excreted. This finding is from the abstract summary - full study details were not available

Descriptive

When rats have diabetes caused by streptozotocin, their kidneys excrete more uric acid than normal rats, which means their bodies are getting rid of more uric acid through urine. This finding is from the abstract summary - full study details were not available

Descriptive

Higher uric acid levels were linked to lower availability of nitric oxide, a molecule important for blood vessel function. This finding is from the abstract summary - full study details were not available

Descriptive

Eating fructose (like table sugar) led to higher uric acid levels in rats compared to other sugars. This finding is from the abstract summary - full study details were not available

Descriptive