Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
Eating a lot of salt makes the gut more leaky in fruit flies and also makes them die sooner.
Correlational
A common food emulsifier called TWEEN 20 makes the gut more leaky in fruit flies and also makes them die sooner.
Eating a lot of sugar makes a protective enzyme called intestinal alkaline phosphatase less active in fruit flies and human gut cells in a lab setting.
Eating a lot of sugar makes the gut more leaky in fruit flies and human gut cells in a lab setting, which can be seen when blue dye leaks out of the gut in flies or when a special dye passes through gut cells more easily.
Soils with long-term mercury contamination may also have more bacteria that can resist antibiotics, because the same mechanisms that help with mercury resistance might also help with antibiotic resistance.
Descriptive
A specific type of bacteria called Stenotrophomonas can quickly turn mercury into a gas and has genes that become more active when exposed to mercury.
A specific type of bacteria called Arthrobacter has genes that help it break down mercury by first cleaving methylmercury and then reducing it to a less toxic form.
Bradyrhizobium and Burkholderia bacteria are common in these contaminated soils and help clean up metals and cycle nutrients.
Soils with mercury contamination contain genes called YgfZ and cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance genes, which might help clean up contaminants.
Soils with mercury contamination have many genes that help microbes resist antibiotics and toxic substances, regardless of how much mercury is present or the time of year.
The fungi Blastocladiomycota are more common in soils with higher levels of bioavailable mercury.
The fungi Ascomycota and Basidomycota are more common in soils with higher levels of total mercury and methylmercury.
The bacteria Pedosphaera and Candidatus Solibacter are more common in soils with higher levels of bioavailable mercury.
The bacteria Burkholderia and Pseudomonas are more common in soils with higher levels of total mercury and methylmercury.
Microbes in mercury-contaminated soil have more genes related to stress response, moving substances across cell membranes, and phosphate metabolism compared to less contaminated soils.
The amount of mercury that can actually be taken up by organisms doesn't always match the total mercury in the soil, showing that the chemical form of mercury matters more than just how much is present.
In soils with mercury contamination, the most common types of fungi belong to groups called Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
In soils with mercury contamination, the most common types of bacteria belong to groups called Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota, Acidobacteriota, and Actinomycetota.
In soils with more mercury, there are fewer types of bacteria, but the variety of fungi stays about the same and is greatest in soils with the least mercury.
Eating more protein after working out makes your whole body build more protein - the more protein you eat, the more protein your whole body builds.
Causal
Eating protein after working out doesn't change most amino acid levels in your muscles - only the branched-chain amino acids like leucine increase with bigger protein meals.
Eating a big protein meal (100g) after working out keeps your blood amino acid levels high for the whole 12 hours, while a smaller meal (25g) only keeps them high for the first 5 hours.
Eating protein after working out only increases the building of connective tissue in muscles for about 4 hours - after that, the building rate goes back to normal.
Eating more protein after working out leads to a better overall protein balance in your body - the more protein you eat, the more positive your protein balance becomes.