Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
Log in to see full claim details, scientific mechanisms, and cited studies.
Healthy, physically active women burn 23–25% fewer calories at rest than men, even when accounting for differences in muscle mass, suggesting that biological sex influences baseline metabolic rate...
During a 2-hour walk in 40°C heat, physically active young men burn fat at a higher rate than young women, with a measurable difference of 0.34 grams per minute at the 30-minute mark, even though...
When obese women aged 40–60 lose weight by eating fewer calories without exercise, the most fat loss occurs around the lower spine (L5-S1). But when they add resistance training, fat loss is more...
When obese women between 40 and 60 lose weight, the amount of fat lost from different areas of the abdomen is similar, whether or not they do resistance training.
In women aged 40–60 with obesity, a single MRI scan at the L2-L3 spine level is the most accurate way to estimate total fat around internal organs, whether or not they lose weight or do resistance...
For obese women between 40 and 60 years old, losing visceral fat over 16 weeks through a reduced-calorie diet happens at the same rate whether or not they do resistance training. Adding resistance...
In obese women aged 40–60, combining a calorie-restricted diet with resistance training changes where body fat is lost, shifting the greatest reduction from the lower abdomen to the upper abdomen....
In people with obesity or type 2 diabetes, niacin still reduces fat breakdown in adipose tissue even when the usual insulin signaling pathways are less active, indicating it may use alternative...
In people with obesity or type 2 diabetes, the way their bodies respond to insulin and niacin in suppressing free fatty acids varies from person to person, but those who do not respond well to one of...
In people with obesity or type 2 diabetes, insulin and niacin reduce the release of free fatty acids through different early molecular mechanisms, but both ultimately affect the same later regulatory...
In people with obesity or type 2 diabetes, injecting niacin decreases specific molecular signals in fat tissue that normally help prevent fat breakdown, even though niacin overall reduces fat...
In people with obesity or type 2 diabetes, the less effectively insulin reduces fat release from fat cells, the less effectively niacin does too, suggesting both substances are affected by the same...
In middle-aged and older women, a 13-week program of diet and exercise that reduces body weight and fat mass does not change bone density in the spine or whole body, even though men experience...
Among middle-aged and older men with poor metabolic and immune health, a 13-week lifestyle change is linked to a larger improvement in bone density in the lower spine than in men who start with...
In healthy men aged middle-aged and older, improvements in a combined measure of immune and metabolic health are linked to increases in bone density in the lower spine after 13 weeks of lifestyle...
In middle-aged and older men, losing body fat and weight during a 13-week lifestyle program is linked to small increases in bone density in the lower spine.
In healthy men aged middle-aged and older, a combination of moderate calorie reduction and increased physical activity over 13 weeks is linked to small increases in bone density in the spine and...
After gastric bypass surgery, levels of a hormone called B-type natriuretic peptide increased significantly, but did not change when people followed a low-calorie diet. This suggests the surgery may...
After both dieting and gastric bypass, the body produced more ketones — a sign it was burning fat for fuel — but the level didn’t go higher after surgery than after dieting, even though more fat was...
After gastric bypass surgery, levels of free fatty acids in the blood rose and stayed higher than after dieting alone, even when people consumed the same number of calories, suggesting that the...
After gastric bypass surgery, liver fat levels did not decrease significantly even though patients lost a lot of body fat, but when people lost the same amount of weight by eating fewer calories,...
After one month, morbidly obese women who had gastric bypass surgery lost a higher percentage of body fat than those who followed a low-calorie diet, even though both groups lost the same amount of...
In adults with overweight or obesity, aerobic exercise and combined exercise programs improve cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as VO2peak, with aerobic exercise leading to the greatest gains;...
In adults with overweight or obesity, losing body fat is the main reason why their overall cardiovascular risk improves after doing aerobic or combined exercise.