How Expectations and Conditioning Affect Pain Relief

Original Title

The Influence of Placebo Analgesia Manipulations on Pain Report, the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex, and Autonomic Responses to Pain.

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Summary

Researchers tested whether telling someone they will feel less pain (expectation) or making them feel less pain through repeated exposure (conditioning) actually changes how their body processes pain signals.

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Surprising Findings

Nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) was FACILITATED in both E+C and E-only groups

This contradicts the common expectation that placebo analgesia would reduce spinal pain processing, just like it reduces conscious pain. Instead, spinal nociception increased while pain reports decreased or stayed the same.

Practical Takeaways

If you want maximum placebo effect for pain relief, combine positive expectations with prior positive experiences

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Publication

Journal

The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society

Year

2018

Authors

J. Rhudy, Y. Güereca, B. Kuhn, S. Palit, M. Flaten

Open Access
19 citations
Analysis v1