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The Study

Effects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

In simple terms

This study looked at lots of experiments where people took creatine or a fake pill and then took memory tests. It found that, on average, people who took creatine did a little better on memory tests — especially older people. But not all the experiments were done perfectly, so we can’t say for sure that creatine caused the improvement — it just seems like it might have helped.

65%

Analysis score

65/ 100

Maximum 100 for a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Where the score came from

Reporting0
Methodology56
Publication100
Statistical100
Study type (basis of the score)
Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Level 1a - Systematic review of RCTs
What’s the bottom line?

Creatine is a natural substance that helps your brain make energy. This study looked at whether taking creatine pills makes people remember things better.

Where does this study sit?

Reviews of RCTs (Meta-analyses)

Max 100

Randomized Trials

Max 90

Reviews of Cohort Studies

Max 85

Cohort Studies

Max 72

Reviews of Case-Control Studies

Max 63

Case-Control Studies

Max 58

Cross-Sectional & Case Series

Max 50

Expert Opinion

Max 5
StrongerWeaker
Reviews of RCTs (Meta-analyses)
Level 1a
65

65 / 100

Quality score

The highest quality evidence. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that pool randomized controlled trials, giving the most reliable summary of experimental evidence.

Can establish causation

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Key takeaways

Summary

Based on the study abstract and findings.

  1. 1Yes — older adults may see meaningful memory gains, but young people likely won't, and only if they take powder, not capsules.
  2. 2In older adults (66–76), memory improved a lot (SMD=0.88).
  3. 3In young people (11–31), no improvement (SMD=0.03).
  4. 4Powder form worked; capsules didn't.
  5. 5Stress (like lack of sleep) blocked any benefit.

Score breakdown, methodology, conflicts of interest, evidence analysis & raw study data

Publication

Journal

Nutrition Reviews

Year

2022

Authors

K. Prokopidis, P. Giannos, K. Triantafyllidis, K. Kechagias, Scott C. Forbes, D. Candow

Open Access
46 citations
Analysis v5
Fit Body Science verdict — we translate health studies into clear verdicts backed by peer-reviewed research.

Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making health decisions.