Why some kids' bodies don't respond well to sugar before getting diabetes
18-OR: Lower Incretin Effect and Reduced GIP Characterize the Metabolic Phenotype of People with Multiple Islet Autoantibodies and Normal Glucose Tolerance
Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional. Terms
Before kids get type 1 diabetes, their gut hormones that help the pancreas make insulin after eating may already be acting weakly — especially one called GIP.
No biological mechanisms were identified in this study. This may be an epidemiological, observational, or survey-based study that reports associations rather than proposing causal biological pathways.
Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses
Max 100Randomized Controlled Trials
Max 90Cohort Studies
Max 72Case-Control Studies
Max 58Cross-Sectional Studies
Max 44Case Reports & Case Series
Max 30Expert Opinion & Narrative Reviews
Max 548 / 44
Evidence Score
A snapshot of a population at a single point in time. Can identify correlations and prevalence, but cannot determine the direction of cause and effect.
Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional. Terms
Before kids get type 1 diabetes, their gut hormones that help the pancreas make insulin after eating may already be acting weakly — especially one called GIP.
No biological mechanisms were identified in this study. This may be an epidemiological, observational, or survey-based study that reports associations rather than proposing causal biological pathways.
Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses
Max 100Randomized Controlled Trials
Max 90Cohort Studies
Max 72Case-Control Studies
Max 58Cross-Sectional Studies
Max 44Case Reports & Case Series
Max 30Expert Opinion & Narrative Reviews
Max 548 / 44
Evidence Score
A snapshot of a population at a single point in time. Can identify correlations and prevalence, but cannot determine the direction of cause and effect.
Publication
Related Content
Claims (6)
GLP-1 and GIP are hormones that increase insulin production and decrease glucagon production when nutrients are consumed, which helps control blood glucose levels.
People who have multiple autoantibodies targeting their pancreatic islets, but still maintain normal blood sugar levels, show a smaller insulin response to oral glucose compared to intravenous glucose, suggesting an early alteration in how the gut and pancreas communicate.
In people who have antibodies indicating early risk for type 1 diabetes but still have normal blood sugar, a decrease in the hormone GIP—compared to GLP-1—appears to be the main reason for reduced insulin response after eating, which may make GIP a better early indicator of pancreatic beta-cell stress.
People who have multiple autoantibodies targeting their pancreatic islets but still have normal blood sugar levels show a 45% decrease in the hormone response that helps regulate insulin after eating, along with lower levels of the GIP hormone during a glucose test, indicating early metabolic changes before diabetes develops.
People who have multiple autoantibodies related to type 1 diabetes but still have normal blood sugar levels show lower levels of the hormone GIP after consuming glucose, compared to those with only one such autoantibody. This difference may reflect an early disruption in the hormonal pathway that helps stimulate insulin release.