Taking creatine supplements may enhance thinking and memory in older people or those who are sleep-deprived or have cognitive difficulties, but it does not noticeably change thinking skills in healthy young adults.

This study found that older adults who took creatine supplements, especially along with exercise, felt better and showed signs of improved brain health. It supports the idea that creatine helps older people think better, but doesn't say anything about young, healthy adults.

This study found that taking a large dose of creatine helped people who hadn’t slept much think faster and perform better on mental tasks. It supports the idea that creatine can help when you're tired from lack of sleep.

This study found that taking creatine helped people stay sharper and think faster when they hadn’t slept, which matches part of the claim. It didn’t test healthy people who’ve had enough sleep, so we don’t know if it helps them.

This study gave creatine to healthy young people and found it didn’t make them think better, which matches the claim that creatine doesn’t help young, healthy adults. It didn’t test older or tired people, but what it did test supports part of the claim.

This study found that taking creatine helps older people remember better, but doesn’t help young, healthy people remember more. So it supports the idea that creatine only boosts memory in people who might need it more, like older adults.