A 30-gram high-protein breakfast increases plasma GLP-1 and PYY levels more than a low-protein, high-carbohydrate breakfast in healthy young and older adults, but this increase does not lead to lower...
Mechanism
Synthesis from 1 study
Eating protein releases fullness hormones that make you feel less hungry, but your body still eats the same amount at the next meal. The hormones signal fullness, but they don’t change how much food you choose to eat later.
Most probable mechanism
When you eat a high-protein meal, your digestive system breaks down the protein into amino acids that reach the lower intestine. These amino acids activate special cells in the intestine that release two hormones, GLP-1 and PYY, into the blood. These hormones send signals to the brain that you are full, which makes you feel less hungry. Even though you feel fuller, your body does not reduce how much you eat at the next meal.
Dietary protein is digested into free amino acids in the stomach and small intestine, which reach the distal ileum and colon
Amino acids bind to G-protein-coupled receptors on enteroendocrine L-cells, triggering intracellular calcium signaling
L-cell activation causes exocytosis of vesicles containing GLP-1 and PYY into the bloodstream
Circulating GLP-1 and PYY bind to receptors on vagal afferent nerves and hypothalamic neurons, increasing perceived satiety
Satiety signals are processed by the brain, reducing subjective hunger without altering the amount of food consumed at the next meal
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
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