When healthy young and older adults consume a 30-gram protein drink made from plants or animals at breakfast, the resulting changes in satiety hormones and feelings of fullness are the same, even...
Mechanism
Synthesis from 1 study
When you eat protein, your body breaks it into amino acids that reach your lower intestine and trigger the release of two hormones that tell your brain you're full. This happens the same way whether the protein comes from plants or animals, as long as the amount is the same.
Most probable mechanism
When protein is digested, its amino acids travel to the lower intestine and trigger special cells to release two hormones, GLP-1 and PYY. These hormones send signals to the brain through nerves and direct pathways, making a person feel full and reducing the desire to eat more. This happens the same way whether the protein comes from plants or animals, as long as the amount of protein and calories is the same.
Dietary protein is broken down into amino acids during digestion and reaches the distal small intestine and colon.
Amino acids bind to G-protein-coupled receptors on enteroendocrine L-cells, activating intracellular calcium signaling.
Activated L-cells release stored vesicles of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) into the bloodstream.
Circulating GLP-1 and PYY bind to receptors on vagal afferent nerves and neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.
Neural and hormonal signals from the gut reduce hunger perception and increase satiety, leading to decreased subjective appetite.
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
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