When you move your muscles through their full stretch and contraction during exercise—like fully lowering and raising a dumbbell—you build more muscle than if you only move partway, because the muscle gets stretched under load, which seems to trigger better growth.

Direct causal comparison of full vs. partial ROM training on hypertrophy while controlling for mechanical tension at long lengths

Causal comparison of full ROM vs. partial ROM training with matched total mechanical tension, isolating the effect of long-length tension

Whether hypertrophy increases proportionally with time under tension at long muscle lengths

Real-world association between habitual ROM and hypertrophy in free-living populations

Causal biological mechanism linking long-length tension to hypertrophy pathways