Health Claims

Some gene changes in the FADS gene tend to be inherited together, so it's hard to tell which one is actually affecting omega-3 levels like EPA and DHA.

If you have a certain version of a gene called FADS1 (like the T version of rs174537), you might naturally have lower levels of healthy omega-3 fats like EPA and DHA in your blood — and this has been seen in many different groups of people.

Your genes might affect brain wiring more when you're young, but that effect fades as you get older — after 60, it doesn’t seem to matter much anymore.

In white people without health issues, a certain gene affects brain wiring in some areas as they age, but not in others — it plays a role in how certain brain connections develop over time, especially in parts that link different brain regions, but not in another part called the cingulum, where development looks normal in everyone even if one group starts with slightly weaker connections.

Some people have a gene variant that affects how their brain's wiring develops over time — those with the common version (C) show normal brain changes as they age, while those with two copies of the less common version (T) don't show as much change.

If you're a healthy white person and you inherited two copies of a specific gene variant (T allele) from your parents, your brain's wiring in certain areas might be less organized than in people with a different version of that gene — and this seems to be true no matter how old you are.

People with a certain gene version (TT) might not develop their brain's wiring the same way as others as they age — especially in how it changes in young adulthood and later life — possibly because of how their bodies make certain fats.

Omega-3s, especially the types called DHA and EPA, might help with brain and heart diseases because they're important for how our nervous system works.

Omega-3s, especially the types called DHA and EPA, are healthy fats found in fish and algae that your body needs to keep your brain working well and help prevent sickness.

DHA is a type of fat your brain needs to build brain cells and work properly.

Swishing carbs in your mouth during a ride doesn’t raise your blood sugar if you don’t swallow them — at least in well-trained cyclists.

Cyclists who eat a keto diet for 5 days have lower blood sugar after exercise than when they eat their normal diet, which might make them perform worse because their body isn’t managing sugar as well.

Cyclists on a keto diet for 5 days had high ketone levels, but that didn’t really affect how well they performed — so ketones alone might not tell us much about performance at the start of keto.

If cyclists on a low-carb diet rinse their mouths with a sugary drink every 7 km during a 21-mile ride, it doesn’t actually help them finish faster compared to rinsing with a fake sugar drink — their mouths might taste sugar, but their bodies don’t get the boost.

Going on a keto diet for just 5 days makes elite cyclists slower in time trials, adding about 3 more minutes to their ride time.

Fasting for a week doesn't seem to change a key energy sensor in young healthy people's muscles, which suggests it might not be what causes muscle breakdown during fasting.

If healthy young people don’t eat for a week, their muscles lose half their stored energy from carbs, but they can still work just as hard during intense exercise.

If healthy young people don't eat for a week, their muscles might switch how they burn fuel during exercise—using less sugar—which could make it harder to keep up with endurance activities.

If healthy young people stop eating for a week, their ability to perform intense exercise—like running fast or cycling hard—gets worse by about 13%, even though their muscles are still just as strong.

If healthy young people don't eat for a week but stay active, they might lose muscle mass but still keep their leg strength — meaning their muscles might protect the parts that actually make them strong.

Mice that are used to exercising can still run just as far on very low-carb diets as they do on higher-carb ones — their muscles might be adapting to save energy and switch fuels efficiently.

In mice that exercise, cutting carbs way down to just 1% of their diet turns down genes that help muscles use sugar, but a 10% carb diet doesn’t — so super-low carbs seem to be needed to make this change happen.

In mice that exercise, cutting carbs down to just 1% of their diet — but not 10% — turns on ketosis, a state where the body burns fat for fuel, and this only happens when protein levels are kept the same.

Mice that exercised and ate a low-carb diet (with 10% carbs) showed increased activity in genes that help burn fat for energy — in all types of muscle — even though they weren’t in ketosis.