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In mothers living in areas with very high selenium in the soil and diet, blood levels of the active thyroid hormone FT3 are lower than expected, even though other thyroid hormones stay normal,...
A bacterial protein that closely resembles a human protein found in pancreatic cells can trigger immune cells from healthy people to react against the human protein in laboratory tests, which may...
Scientists can measure how much T4 turns into T3 in the body by injecting both hormones with radioactive labels and tracking their ratios in blood samples over several days.
In people with type 2 diabetes, the higher their average blood sugar over the past few months (measured by HbA1c), the lower their levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase.
High blood sugar in type 2 diabetes leads to more oxidative damage in the body, partly because the main antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase becomes less active and is chemically altered by...
Most of the thyroid hormone T4 stays in the bloodstream and fluid between cells, with only a small fraction entering tissues, suggesting it acts mainly as a reservoir for conversion into the active...
People with type II diabetes have similar overall selenium levels in their blood as healthy people, even though their antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase is less active.
In type II diabetes, high blood sugar chemically alters the glutathione peroxidase enzyme, making it less effective at neutralizing harmful oxidative molecules.
After T3 enters the bloodstream, most of it quickly moves into body tissues rather than staying in the blood, indicating it is designed to act inside cells rather than circulate.
The population of fungi in the gut of women with fibromyalgia drops significantly when carbohydrates are eliminated, but stays stable when only sugar intake is reduced, showing that fungi respond...
People with poorly managed type II diabetes have lower levels of an important antioxidant enzyme in their blood called glutathione peroxidase, and this reduction is linked to how high their blood...
The body converts the thyroid hormone T4 into its more active form, T3, outside the thyroid gland, and this conversion rate can be precisely measured by tracking labeled versions of both hormones in...
During a strict low-carb, high-protein diet, a group of gut bacteria known to interact with the intestinal lining increases in women with fibromyalgia, which may help repair the gut barrier, but the...
In healthy people, most of the active thyroid hormone T3 is found inside cells, while most of the precursor hormone T4 stays in the bloodstream, suggesting T3 is the form that primarily acts inside...
Women with fibromyalgia who first eliminate all carbs for six weeks, then switch to a low-sugar diet, experience better gut health and symptom relief than those who only eat low-sugar food for the...
When carbohydrates are reintroduced after a strict low-carb diet, the levels of harmful fungi in the gut of women with fibromyalgia begin to rise again, showing that the fungal reduction requires...
Within 45 days of eliminating carbohydrates and eating mostly protein and fat, the community of bacteria in the gut of women with fibromyalgia changes dramatically, with beneficial types increasing...
Eating a low-sugar diet for three months does not change the levels of harmful fungi or beneficial gut bacteria in women with fibromyalgia, suggesting that reducing sugar alone isn't enough to...
A 45-day diet with no carbohydrates and high protein, followed by a low-sugar diet, reduces harmful fungi and increases beneficial gut bacteria in women with fibromyalgia, and this change is linked...
The IgA antibodies attacking kidney cells in IgA nephropathy specifically recognize a small region at the end of the βII-spectrin protein, called Sptbn1C, which could be used to develop precise tests...
People with IgA nephropathy who have higher levels of anti–βII-spectrin IgA antibodies also tend to have a higher ratio of IgA to complement C3 in their blood, which is a known indicator of worse...
In people and mice with IgA nephropathy, immune cells that produce IgA antibodies are found inside the kidney tissue itself, where they make antibodies that attack βII-spectrin on kidney cells,...
A protein called βII-spectrin, normally found inside kidney cells, is abnormally exposed on the surface of mesangial cells in people with IgA nephropathy, allowing immune antibodies to bind directly...
In about 60% of people with IgA nephropathy, the immune system produces antibodies that mistakenly bind to a protein called βII-spectrin found on kidney cells, while these antibodies are almost never...