Feeding laying hens a diet containing 3.0–4.5% Sacha Inchi oil for 56 days results in egg yolks with omega-3 fatty acid levels rising from 0.8% to over 9.1% and the n-6/n-3 ratio dropping by about...
Mechanism
Synthesis from 1 study
The hen's body absorbs the omega-3 fat from the oil without breaking it down, sends it to the liver, and packs it into fat carriers that go straight into the egg yolk. This makes the yolk much richer in omega-3 fats and lowers the ratio of unhealthy to healthy fats. The yolk also gets slightly...
Most probable mechanism
When hens eat oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid, their intestines absorb this fat without breaking it down. The fat travels through the blood to the liver, where it is bundled into fat-carrying particles. These particles are sent to the developing egg, where the fat is pulled into the yolk and stored as part of the yolk's lipid content, making the yolk much richer in omega-3 fats.
Alpha-linolenic acid from dietary plant oil is absorbed intact through the intestinal lining without undergoing biohydrogenation
Absorbed alpha-linolenic acid enters the bloodstream and is transported to the liver
In the liver, alpha-linolenic acid is incorporated into triglycerides and packaged into very low-density lipoproteins
Very low-density lipoproteins carrying alpha-linolenic acid are taken up by the developing oocyte during yolk formation
Alpha-linolenic acid is deposited directly into egg yolk lipids, increasing total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content
Less supported by current evidence, but not ruled out
The high energy content of the plant oil provides more fat substrates, which the hen's body uses to build larger yolks by depositing more total lipids during egg formation.
Dietary unsaturated fats increase the energy density of the feed
Increased energy availability supports greater mobilization and synthesis of lipids for yolk formation
Lipids are incorporated into the yolk via vitellogenin-mediated uptake by the oocyte
Greater lipid accumulation increases yolk mass without altering albumen or shell composition
Some of the alpha-linolenic acid is converted in the liver into longer omega-3 fats like EPA, which are then packaged and added to the yolk along with the original fatty acid.
Alpha-linolenic acid reaches the liver and may activate transcription factors that increase expression of desaturase enzymes
Desaturase enzymes elongate and modify alpha-linolenic acid into longer-chain omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA
Longer-chain omega-3 fatty acids are incorporated into lipoproteins and transported to the developing oocyte
These longer-chain fatty acids are deposited into the yolk, contributing to total omega-3 content
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
Community contributions welcome
Supplementing Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) Oil in Laying Hen Diets: Influences on Production Performance, Egg Quality and Fatty Acid Profile
Contradicting (0)
Community contributions welcome
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