Apelin turns on genes that help build more mitochondria in muscles, improving energy production.
Scientific Claim
Chronic apelin treatment (0.1 μmol/kg/day intraperitoneally for 4 weeks) in high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice is associated with increased expression of PGC1-α, NRF1, and TFAM in skeletal muscle, which are key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis (n=4-5 per group, P < 0.05).
Original Statement
“Expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1-α), a transcriptional coactivator mediating mitochondrial biogenesis, was also significantly increased in muscle of apelin-treated mice, whereas expression of PGC1-β was not modified (Fig. 4C). Moreover, expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), which act in concert to increase mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis, were also upregulated.”
Evidence Quality Assessment
Claim Status
appropriately stated
Study Design Support
Design supports claim
Appropriate Language Strength
association
Can only show association/correlation
Assessment Explanation
The claim uses 'associated with' which correctly reflects the associative nature of the study design, avoiding causal language.
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
Apelin Treatment Increases Complete Fatty Acid Oxidation, Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity, and Biogenesis in Muscle of Insulin-Resistant Mice