In resistance-trained individuals, lengthened partial range-of-motion training produces muscle hypertrophy in the arms and thighs that is equivalent to the hypertrophy produced by full range-of-motion training, provided that total volume and effort are equated.

Study: The effects of lengthened-partial range of motion resistance training of the limbs on arm and thigh muscle cross-sectional area

The study found that doing shorter lifts that focus on the stretched part of the muscle works about as well as full lifts for building arm and leg muscle in trained people, as long as effort and volume are the same.

Study: Lengthened partial repetitions elicit similar muscular adaptations as full range of motion repetitions during resistance training in trained individuals

The study found that doing partial reps that focus on the stretched part of the movement builds arm muscle just as well as full reps, as long as everything else is equal. This supports the idea that both ways work about the same.

Study: Partial Range, Full Gains? The Effect of 8 Weeks of Partial Range of Motion Training at Long Muscle Lengths on Elbow Flexor Hypertrophy and Strength in Trained Individuals

This study found that doing only the bottom part of a bicep curl built just as much arm muscle as doing the full curl, as long as the total work and effort were the same. So yes, you can get similar muscle growth with partial movements if you push just as hard.