NAC reduces TNF-alpha, an inflammatory molecule that causes insulin resistance, which helps the body's metabolism work better.

N-acetylcysteine reduces inflammatory markers (CD68, MCP-1) by over 80% and oxidative stress markers by approximately 70% in adipose tissue, while increasing adiponectin levels by nearly 90%, thereby improving insulin sensitivity.

N-acetylcysteine increases glutathione availability in adipocytes, which reduces oxidative stress, decreases inflammatory signaling, and restores insulin sensitivity, thereby normalizing adipocyte function.

Mice that got the supplement had much lower levels of insulin in their blood compared to mice that didn't get it.