Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
When rats swam for two hours and then consumed caseinate, their muscle building rate peaked at 120 minutes with a value of 7.85% per day.
When rats swam for two hours and then consumed milk protein, their muscle building rate peaked at 90 minutes with a value of 8.34% per day.
When rats swam for two hours and then consumed whey protein, their muscle building rate peaked at 60 minutes with a value of 7.76% per day.
Experienced weightlifters lose over half their protein retention per body weight when delaying protein and carb intake after a workout, but beginners aren't affected much by the timing.
For experienced lifters, eating protein and carbs right after a workout leads to better protein retention per pound of body weight than waiting six hours, but this isn't the case for beginners.
Experienced weightlifters retain less protein in their bodies after workouts compared to beginners, regardless of when they eat protein and carbs.
For men new to weightlifting, eating protein and carbs right after a workout or waiting six hours doesn't change protein retention in the body.
For men who regularly lift weights, eating protein and carbs right after working out leads to better protein retention in the body compared to waiting six hours.
Neither type of whey protein affected insulin levels in rats' blood an hour after exercise, regardless of dose.
Both types of whey protein at a higher dose activated the mTOR pathway in rats' muscles compared to no protein.
A larger dose of regular whey protein activated a key muscle-building pathway more than hydrolyzed whey protein or no protein in rats.
When rats ate a larger dose of regular whey protein, their blood had more leucine than when they ate the same amount of hydrolyzed whey protein an hour later.
For rats, the best time for muscle protein building after eating regular whey protein is about an hour later.
A small dose of whey protein hydrolysate made a key muscle-building signal stronger in rats than regular whey protein or no protein.
When rats exercised and then ate a small amount of whey protein hydrolysate, their muscles built protein faster than when they ate regular whey protein at the same dose.
Vegan men who don't exercise much and have been vegan for a year lose protein when eating the standard protein recommendation for 5 days.
Based on the protein loss observed, vegans might need about 20% more protein (0.96g/kg/day) to stay balanced.
The standard protein recommendation for adults (0.8g/kg/day) isn't enough to keep protein levels stable in men who've been vegan for a year and aren't very active.
For these vegan men, how long they'd been vegan, their age, muscle mass, or activity level didn't affect whether their bodies were losing protein on this diet.
When 17 men who've been vegan for at least a year ate a diet with 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight for 5 days, their bodies lost protein, as shown by negative nitrogen balance numbers.
The healed ligaments in pigs looked the same under the microscope whether they had a scaffold or not.
With only 8 pigs, the study couldn't detect tiny differences, but any differences seen were too small to matter in real life.
The collagen scaffold by itself didn't help heal the knee ligament in pigs—other biological factors like platelets might be needed.
The scaffold didn't make the repaired ligament stronger in pigs—it broke at the same force as stitches alone.