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Fish oil supplements with higher concentrations of EPA and DHA tend to cost more, but paying more does not guarantee the product is less oxidized or more stable once you account for the actual EPA...
A study found that most fish oil supplements sold in New Zealand contained significantly less of the key omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) than stated on their labels, with only a small number...
A sample of 36 fish oil supplements sold in New Zealand was tested for freshness, and most showed signs of oxidation, meaning they had degraded beyond accepted quality standards.
Although the studies on HMB were generally well-conducted, none clearly reported whether participants were randomly assigned to groups, making it impossible to know if HMB truly caused any observed...
HMB, a supplement used by athletes, may only help increase fat-free mass in those who eat less than 1.6 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight each day. For athletes consuming more protein, HMB...
Taking HMB supplements does not lead to a meaningful change in fat mass among athletes, based on data from multiple studies combining 128 participants.
Taking HMB supplements does not lead to a meaningful change in total body weight for athletes, based on data from multiple studies.
Taking 3 grams of HMB daily for four weeks or longer may be linked to a very small increase in lean body mass in athletes, but this effect is not statistically significant and may only occur if...
Ultrasound and MRI can better detect actual muscle growth by distinguishing it from temporary changes like water retention or glycogen storage, whereas methods like DXA or BIA measure total lean mass...
Taking omega-3 fatty acids, citrulline, or collagen supplements does not lead to larger muscles in people who lift weights, but these supplements might help with how well the body handles training,...
Taking 3 grams of HMB daily may increase muscle growth in resistance-trained adults only when they are under high training stress or not consuming enough calories; in well-fed, trained individuals,...
Taking 3–5 grams of creatine monohydrate daily for 8 to 12 weeks leads to small increases in muscle size in people who regularly lift weights, mainly because it allows them to train more intensely or...
In people who regularly lift weights, taking extra protein or essential amino acids can slightly increase muscle thickness—by about 1 to 2 millimeters—if their daily protein intake is under 1.6 grams...
Taking HMB supplements at 3 grams per day for 4 to 12 weeks while doing resistance training does not lead to meaningful changes in strength, body weight, muscle mass, or fat mass in trained athletes.
When people lose a lot of weight, fat-soluble environmental toxins stored in fat tissue are released into the bloodstream, and this release is linked to slower metabolism and reduced muscle function,...
After losing a large amount of weight, the body continues to burn fewer calories at rest than expected based on its new size, and this persistent reduction in energy expenditure may make it harder to...
People who don’t lose weight on strict diets often have higher levels of stress, faster resting heart rates, and genetic variants linked to cortisol regulation, which may interfere with how their...
When people follow identical strict diet and exercise regimens with a 1000 kcal daily deficit, they lose different amounts of weight—between 1 and 8 kg over 100 days—and identical twins tend to lose...
In obese adults following supervised diet and exercise programs designed to create a calorie deficit, 5% to 20% do not lose weight and may even gain weight, even when they follow the plan closely,...
People who regularly do endurance exercise have the same levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and insulin in their blood during moderate exercise as people who do not train, and the increased fat...
During exercise, a biological signal that normally slows fat breakdown has less effect in people who are endurance-trained compared to those who are not, suggesting that training changes how fat...
People who regularly do endurance exercise, like running or cycling, show increased fat breakdown in abdominal fat tissue during exercise, even when levels of key hormones in the blood do not change....
In men who are endurance-trained, blocking a specific receptor (α2-adrenergic) does not increase fat breakdown during exercise in abdominal fat, but it does increase fat breakdown in men who are not...
Men who regularly train for endurance sports show greater fat breakdown in abdominal fat tissue during moderate cycling than untrained men, measured by higher glycerol levels, even when hormone...