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The Study

Effects of supplementation with a blend of trisodium citrate, creatine monohydrate, leucine, and blueberry extract on training-induced changes in leg extension strength, endurance, and muscle size

In simple terms

This study gave different supplements to guys who were lifting weights and saw that one mix made one leg muscle a tiny bit bigger than nothing at all. But it didn’t make them stronger or make other muscles bigger — and it wasn’t better than regular creatine. So it’s like saying a new flavor of cereal might make your bowl a little fuller, but not tastier or more filling than the old one.

53%

Analysis score

53/ 90

Maximum 90 for a randomized controlled trial.

Where the score came from

Reporting0
Methodology78
Publication100
Statistical23
Study type (basis of the score)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Level 1b - Individual RCT
What’s the bottom line?

Men took one of three supplements while doing leg exercises for 8 weeks: a mix of citrate, creatine, leucine, and blueberry extract; plain creatine; or a sugar pill.

Where does this study sit?

Reviews of RCTs (Meta-analyses)

Max 100

Randomized Trials

Max 90

Reviews of Cohort Studies

Max 85

Cohort Studies

Max 72

Reviews of Case-Control Studies

Max 63

Case-Control Studies

Max 58

Cross-Sectional & Case Series

Max 50

Expert Opinion

Max 5
StrongerWeaker
Randomized Trials
Level 1b
53

53 / 100

Quality score

Participants are randomly assigned to treatment or control groups, minimizing bias. The gold standard for testing whether an intervention causes an effect.

Can establish causation

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Key takeaways

Summary

Based on the study abstract and findings.

  1. 1The muscle growth was small but meaningful for some people — 40% of those taking the fancy mix or creatine saw muscle gains big enough to matter in real life, while none in the placebo group did.
  2. 2The fancy mix made the deep thigh muscle (vastus intermedius) 5.4% bigger and total quads 3.9% bigger than the sugar pill.
  3. 3Creatine alone did the same for a different thigh muscle.
  4. 4Neither helped strength or endurance.

Score breakdown, methodology, conflicts of interest, evidence analysis & raw study data

Publication

Journal

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Year

2025

Authors

Trevor D. Roberts, Jocelyn E. Arnett, D. G. Ortega, Justin S. Pioske, Joseph F. Daugherty, Michael S. Tempesta, Alekha K. Dash, Richard Schmidt, T. Housh

Open Access
Analysis v5

Related Content

Claims (6)

Assertion

Taking 20 grams of creatine daily for 8 weeks leads to an increase in the size of thigh muscle tissue in humans.

Causal
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Assertion

In young men doing leg exercises for 8 weeks, taking creatine monohydrate does not lead to a measurable increase in quadriceps muscle size compared to a placebo, but it may result in more individuals achieving a clinically meaningful increase in the size of the vastus lateralis muscle.

Quantitative
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Assertion

Among young men who exercise regularly, taking a supplement combining trisodium citrate, creatine, leucine, and blueberry extract results in the same amount of muscle growth as taking creatine alone over eight weeks of leg extension training.

Causal
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Assertion

In young men doing leg exercises for 8 weeks, 40% of those taking a specific supplement blend showed a muscle growth change large enough to be considered meaningful, while none of those taking a placebo did.

Quantitative
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Assertion

In young men doing leg extension exercises for 8 weeks, taking a supplement containing trisodium citrate, creatine monohydrate, leucine, and blueberry extract increases the size of the vastus intermedius muscle by 5.4% and the total quadriceps muscle by 3.9% compared to a placebo, but does not improve strength or endurance.

Quantitative
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Assertion

In young men who exercise regularly, taking a supplement containing trisodium citrate, creatine monohydrate, leucine, and blueberry extract for 8 weeks during leg extension training does not result in greater gains in leg strength or endurance than taking a placebo or creatine monohydrate alone.

Causal
Read analysis
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