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The Study

Effects of 12-Week Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Immune Function, Body Weight, and Metabolic Parameters in Middle-Aged Women: A Retrospective Study

In simple terms

This study watched what happened to 52 women after they took a vitamin pill for 12 weeks, and noticed they felt better or had healthier numbers. But we don’t know if the pills caused it—maybe they ate better or walked more. It’s like noticing your phone battery lasts longer after you turn off apps—you can’t be sure it was the apps or just that you used your phone less.

40%

Analysis score

40/ 44

Maximum 44 for a cross-sectional study.

Where the score came from

Reporting40
Methodology18
Publication100
Statistical23
Study type (basis of the score)
Cross-Sectional Study
Level 4 - Case series
What’s the bottom line?

A small group of women took a daily pill with five vitamins and magnesium for 12 weeks, and their blood tests and body measurements got better.

Where does this study sit?

Reviews of RCTs (Meta-analyses)

Max 100

Randomized Trials

Max 90

Reviews of Cohort Studies

Max 85

Cohort Studies

Max 72

Reviews of Case-Control Studies

Max 63

Case-Control Studies

Max 58

Cross-Sectional & Case Series

Max 50

Expert Opinion

Max 5
StrongerWeaker
Cross-Sectional & Case Series
Level 4
40

40 / 100

Quality score

Snapshots of a population at a single point in time, or descriptions of small groups. Can identify correlations and prevalence, but cannot determine cause and effect.

Cannot establish causation

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Key takeaways

Summary

Based on the study abstract and findings.

  1. 1These changes suggest better immunity, less inflammation, and improved metabolism — which could mean lower risk of infections, heart disease, and weight-related issues.
  2. 2IgG went up 15.3%, IgA up 25%, CRP down 37.1%, weight down 1.4 kg, body fat down 1.2%, waist down 1.5 cm, homocysteine down 24.1%, fasting glucose down 4.0%, total cholesterol down 6.5%.

Score breakdown, methodology, conflicts of interest, evidence analysis & raw study data

Publication

Journal

Cureus

Year

2025

Authors

Y. Sun

Open Access
2 citations
Analysis v5

Related Content

Claims (10)

Assertion

Taking dietary supplements restores essential nutrient levels in people who eat modern diets, and this restoration restores normal physiological function.

Causal
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Assertion

Taking dietary supplements restores missing micronutrients from inadequate food intake and maintains normal bodily functions.

Causal
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Assertion

In middle-aged women with low micronutrient levels, taking a daily supplement of vitamin D3, vitamin K2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and magnesium for twelve weeks is associated with lower fasting glucose, lower total cholesterol, and lower homocysteine levels.

Correlational
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Assertion

In middle-aged women with low micronutrient levels, taking a daily supplement of vitamin D3, vitamin K2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and magnesium for twelve weeks is linked to lower LDL cholesterol without affecting HDL cholesterol or triglycerides.

Correlational
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Assertion

In middle-aged women with low micronutrient levels, taking a daily supplement of vitamin D3, vitamin K2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and magnesium for 12 weeks is associated with a 4.0% decrease in fasting glucose, a 6.5% decrease in total cholesterol, and a 24.1% decrease in homocysteine.

Correlational
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Assertion

Among middle-aged women with low micronutrient levels, taking a daily supplement of vitamin D3, vitamin K2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and magnesium for 12 weeks is linked to a 1.4 kg decrease in body weight, a 1.2% drop in body fat percentage, and a 1.5 cm reduction in waist circumference, with no change in lean mass.

Correlational
Read analysis
Fit Body Science verdict — we translate health studies into clear verdicts backed by peer-reviewed research.

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