For women taking blood pressure medication, having the GG version of the PDIA3 gene makes the medication work better than expected, reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome components more than just adding up the individual effects.

For women, having the GG version of the PDIA3 gene is linked to more metabolic syndrome issues, but this isn't the case for men.

Over five years, people with the GG version of the PDIA3 gene tend to have slightly higher blood pressure increases than others.

People with the GG version of the PDIA3 gene tend to have higher blood pressure readings—about 5.8 mmHg higher systolic and 4.3 mmHg higher diastolic—compared to those with other versions.

Even after accounting for other metabolic issues, people with the GG version of the PDIA3 gene are about 5 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.

People with a specific version of the PDIA3 gene (GG) are about 1.6 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome than those without it, based on a study of Chinese adults.