People with metabolic syndrome are less likely to have the G version of the PDIA3 gene compared to healthy people.

Even after accounting for other metabolic issues, people with the GG version of the PDIA3 gene are about 5 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.

People with a specific version of the PDIA3 gene (GG) are about 1.6 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome than those without it, based on a study of Chinese adults.

For women, having the GG version of the PDIA3 gene is linked to more metabolic syndrome issues, but this isn't the case for men.

People with four metabolic syndrome issues are about 68 times more likely to have the GG version of the PDIA3 gene than those with fewer issues.

Chinese people with metabolic syndrome who have the GG version of the PDIA3 gene tend to have higher levels of 'bad' cholesterol (LDL) and total cholesterol than those with other versions.