These two trans fats interfere with how insulin tells blood vessels to relax by blocking key signals in the cell, but other fats don’t have this effect.

Two types of artificial trans fats found in fried and baked foods make blood vessel cells more inflamed and less able to produce a chemical that helps blood vessels relax, but a different trans fat found in dairy doesn’t do this.

When rats have too much uric acid in their blood, their blood vessels don't respond as well to insulin because key signals inside the cells aren't working right and less of a helpful blood vessel chemical (nitric oxide) is made.

Uric acid messes with blood vessel relaxation in human cells more than it affects blood vessel tightening, which might explain how it harms blood flow.

Where the ‘kink’ is in the fat molecule decides whether it harms blood vessels — a kink at position 9 or 9+12 is bad, but at position 11 is harmless.