Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
Log in to see full claim details, scientific mechanisms, and cited studies.
In female mice, removing receptors for GIP and GLP-1 hormones does not stop the pancreas from releasing insulin when glucose is injected into the bloodstream, showing that the pancreas can still...
In female mice, removing receptors for two gut hormones reduces the pancreas's ability to release insulin in response to sugar taken by mouth, but not when sugar is injected directly into the...
In female mice, removing the receptors for two gut hormones (GIP and GLP-1) prevents the normal increase in insulin production after eating glucose, reducing the insulin response by about 65%...
In people who have antibodies indicating early risk for type 1 diabetes but still have normal blood sugar, a decrease in the hormone GIP—compared to GLP-1—appears to be the main reason for reduced...
People who have multiple autoantibodies targeting their pancreatic islets, but still maintain normal blood sugar levels, show a smaller insulin response to oral glucose compared to intravenous...
People who have multiple antibodies targeting their insulin-producing cells but still have normal blood sugar tend to show lower levels of GLP-1 hormone during a glucose tolerance test than those...
People who have multiple autoantibodies related to type 1 diabetes but still have normal blood sugar levels show lower levels of the hormone GIP after consuming glucose, compared to those with only...
People who have multiple autoantibodies targeting their pancreatic islets but still have normal blood sugar levels show a 45% decrease in the hormone response that helps regulate insulin after...
Medications that target incretin hormones do not raise the likelihood of low blood sugar or pancreatitis in adults who are overweight or obese.
In adults with overweight or obesity who are taking incretin-based therapies, those who lose more weight tend to have larger decreases in both their systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Adults with overweight or obesity who take incretin-based therapies have a lower risk of dying from any cause compared to those who do not, based on combined data from multiple studies.
Medications that activate multiple related hormone receptors lower blood pressure more than those activating only one receptor in adults with overweight or obesity, with measurable differences in...
Medications called incretin-based therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, lower systolic blood pressure by about 3.4 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by about 0.9 mmHg in adults who have...
Medications called incretin-based therapies, used for type 2 diabetes, are associated with better heart health due to their effects on reducing inflammation, lowering blood pressure, and helping with...
GLP-1 and GIP are hormones that increase insulin production and decrease glucagon production when nutrients are consumed, which helps control blood glucose levels.
Medications that target incretin hormones lower the risk of illness and death in people with diabetes by improving how the body processes glucose and functions of the heart and blood vessels.
Taking beetroot juice and citrulline malate supplements does not change how much energy the body uses or how it balances oxygen and carbon dioxide during intense leg exercise in young, active men.
Consuming beetroot juice before intense leg exercise does not lead to increased blood flow in the main artery of the thigh or swelling in the large thigh muscle during the exercise.
In young men who exercise regularly, consuming beetroot juice or citrulline malate does not make their leg muscles stronger during maximum effort cycling or leg extensions, even though beetroot juice...
Taking 8 grams of citrulline malate does not change blood nitrate/nitrite levels, leg strength during high-intensity exercise, blood flow, or how efficiently the body uses energy in young men who...
Drinking beetroot juice with 400 mg of nitrate raises levels of nitrate and nitrite in the blood of young, active men during leg exercise, but does not improve how well they perform, how much blood...
In men who regularly lift weights, taking L-citrulline and citrulline malate leads to similar improvements in upper body endurance and nitric oxide metabolite levels after exercise, meaning adding...
Taking L-citrulline or citrulline malate supplements does not lower the levels of lactate or urea in the blood after resistance exercise in men who regularly train with weights.
In men who regularly lift weights, taking L-citrulline or citrulline malate supplements for six weeks does not lead to greater increases in maximum strength compared to not taking them, even though...