Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
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Taking HMB supplements does not significantly increase muscle growth in people who already eat enough protein, but might slightly affect muscle growth when calorie intake is very low or training...
Taking creatine supplements leads to higher levels of creatine in muscles, improves the ability to regenerate energy during intense workouts, and over 8 to 12 weeks, allows for more total training...
Taking extra protein supplements can lead to greater muscle growth only if your total daily protein intake is less than 1.6 grams per kilogram of body weight. If you already consume more than this...
Creatine supplements may not improve brain function in healthy young adults because the dose, length of use, or starting levels of creatine in the body might be too low or too variable, and the study...
Taking creatine supplements at 10–20 grams per day for six weeks does not lead to measurable changes in body fat, muscle mass, how much people move, or how many calories they consume.
Taking creatine supplements at 10 or 20 grams per day for six weeks does not change the level of oxygen in the prefrontal cortex of healthy young adults when they perform memory or decision-making...
In healthy young adults, taking 10 grams of creatine daily for six weeks was linked to a small, non-significant decrease in oxygen levels in the prefrontal cortex during tasks requiring quick...
Taking creatine supplements at 10 or 20 grams per day for six weeks does not improve how quickly healthy young adults process information, remember events, or make decisions.
Powder-form creatine supplements are associated with a small but measurable improvement in memory test scores, while capsule-form creatine shows no such improvement, suggesting the physical form of...
Taking creatine supplements may improve memory in healthy people, and this improvement does not change based on how much is taken, how long it's taken, the person's sex, or where they live.
Studies show that taking creatine supplements does not lead to measurable improvements in memory for healthy people between the ages of 11 and 31.
Studies suggest that taking creatine supplements may lead to a small improvement in memory for healthy people, but the results vary widely across studies and some studies have methodological...
In older adults aged 66 to 76, taking creatine supplements is associated with a measurable improvement in memory performance compared to no supplement, but this effect is not seen in younger adults...
Taking 6.26 grams of n−3 fatty acids from menhaden oil daily for six weeks raises the levels of EPA and DHA in the fatty components of blood cell membranes in healthy adult men.
Taking 900 IU of vitamin E daily for six weeks raises levels of vitamin E in the blood of healthy adult men, but it does not lower the increase in certain oxidative stress markers caused by taking...
In healthy adult men, taking 6.26 grams of n−3 fatty acids from menhaden oil daily for six weeks raises levels of malondialdehyde and lipid peroxides in the blood, which are markers of lipid...
Fish oil supplements contain more than 30 different fatty acids, including 10 to 14 types of saturated fatty acids, which are not commonly found in products marketed as pure omega-3.
Fish oil supplements sold over the counter have more oxidized fats than prescription omega-3 products that meet international quality standards.
When omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil supplements become oxidized, they lose their ability to prevent a specific type of lipid damage in laboratory tests. Fresh, non-oxidized omega-3s from the same...
Fish oil supplements sold in stores contain different amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, with some having as little as 33% and others as much as 79% of their total fatty acids, showing that the...
Fish oil supplements on the market may contain high levels of saturated fats and damaged lipids that exceed safety standards, which could reduce their effectiveness in preventing the oxidation of...
Fish oil supplements that have degraded due to oxidation tend to have less EPA and DHA than what is listed on the label, which may explain why some products contain lower amounts than claimed, though...
Fish oil supplements from countries other than New Zealand or Australia cost more but contain the same amounts of EPA and DHA and show similar levels of oxidation, meaning where they are made does...
How long a fish oil supplement has until its best-before date does not predict how much it has oxidized. This means the date on the label may not indicate whether the product is still fresh.