In the fat around the heart and blood vessels of heart failure patients, a specific enzyme called MAO-A is much more common and makes more harmful chemicals than its cousin MAO-B.

In the fat around the heart and blood vessels of heart failure patients, the MAO-A enzyme is much more common than the MAO-B enzyme.

When fat tissue around the heart and blood vessels from heart failure patients was soaked in a small amount of methylene blue for a day, the levels of a specific enzyme (MAO-A) that makes harmful molecules went down.

When fat tissue around the heart and blood vessels was soaked in a blue dye called methylene blue for a day in the lab, it made less of a harmful enzyme and produced fewer damaging chemicals, which might help explain how the dye could protect cells.

The fat directly on the heart makes more harmful chemicals than the fat around blood vessels, and this matches with it having more of the enzyme MAO-A.

When the fat tissue was given serotonin (a chemical that MAO-A breaks down), it made more harmful molecules—but adding methylene blue stopped some of that increase.