Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
Log in to see full claim details, scientific mechanisms, and cited studies.
Aerobic exercise can help with weight loss when paired with diet changes, but on its own, it doesn't lead to meaningful weight reduction in overweight or obese people.
Aerobic exercise alone, without changing what you eat, does not lead to meaningful weight loss in overweight or obese people — the amount lost is too small to make a real difference to health.
Even without losing much weight, doing aerobic exercise regularly for 6 to 12 months lowers blood pressure and improves blood fat levels in overweight or obese adults, which reduces heart disease...
Doing aerobic exercise alone for 6 to 12 months reduces waist size by about 2 centimeters in overweight or obese adults, which is a small change that doesn't meaningfully reduce health risks without...
Doing aerobic exercise like walking or cycling for 6 to 12 months without changing diet leads to a small weight loss of about 1.6 to 1.7 kilograms in overweight or obese adults, which is too little...
Hadza women who are pregnant or breastfeeding burn the same number of calories per day as other Hadza women, indicating their bodies adjust metabolism to support reproduction without increasing total...
Hadza people don’t walk or rest more efficiently than Westerners — they use the same amount of energy per kilogram of body weight to walk or sit still, meaning their bodies don’t burn fewer calories...
Hadza people have much less body fat than Westerners, even though they burn the same number of calories per day — meaning the difference in fat levels is likely due to what they eat, not how much...
Hadza people walk much more than Westerners, but their total daily calorie burn is the same, indicating their bodies adjust other metabolic processes to keep energy use stable despite higher activity.
People who live as hunter-gatherers in Tanzania burn about the same number of calories per day as people living in Western countries, even though they walk much more and eat only wild foods.
When delivered through the nose, stem cell vesicles reach and are absorbed by microglia and astrocytes in the brains of aged mice, indicating they can specifically target brain immune and support...
Two specific microRNAs, miR-30e-3p and miR-181a-5p, found in stem cell vesicles, directly block two major inflammatory pathways (NLRP3 and cGAS-STING) in immune cells in lab tests, indicating they...
Stem cell vesicles delivered through the nose improve the function of energy-producing mitochondria and reduce oxidative damage in the brains of aged mice, helping cells maintain healthier metabolism.
Stem cell vesicles delivered through the nose reduce a key inflammatory pathway (cGAS-STING) and its downstream interferon signals in the brains of aged mice, which may help calm chronic brain...
Stem cell vesicles delivered through the nose reduce specific inflammatory proteins (IL-1β and IL-18) in the brains of aged mice by blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key driver of brain inflammation...
Delivering vesicles from human stem cells through the nose to aged mice reduces brain inflammation and improves memory, indicating these vesicles may help counteract cognitive decline associated with...
In mice, the levels of certain amino acids called BCAAs in the blood rise with protein intake and level off when protein makes up about half the ratio of carbohydrates, and these amino acids are...
In mice, diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates improve blood sugar control and heart health markers, even though they lead to more body fat and fatty liver, indicating that these traditional...
Simply making food less calorie-dense by adding fiber doesn’t make mice live longer, because they eat more of it to get enough protein, showing that how much they eat overall isn’t what determines...
In mice, the activity of a key cellular aging pathway called mTOR is lowest when protein intake is low and carbohydrate intake is high, and this is linked to the balance of specific amino acids and...
In mice that eat freely without calorie restriction, living longer is linked to diets with less protein and more carbohydrates, not to eating fewer calories overall.
While higher protein intake helps preserve the spongy inner part of bone during weight loss in postmenopausal women, it does not appear to significantly affect the hard outer shell of the bone,...
When postmenopausal women lose weight, eating more protein helps protect the inner, spongy part of the bone in the lower leg from thinning, which is important because this type of bone is more...
Eating more protein while losing weight reduces the rate at which bone is broken down in postmenopausal women, as shown by lower levels of a specific chemical marker in the urine that indicates bone...