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In obese mice, injecting apolipoprotein A-IV leads to a 220% increase in insulin release and a 140% increase in C-peptide during a glucose tolerance test, suggesting a direct enhancement of insulin...
In obese mice, a single injection of a specific human protein called apolipoprotein A-IV lowers blood sugar levels by about half within two hours by enhancing glucose uptake in fat tissues and...
In healthy adult men, eating a diet very high in fat for a few days raises levels of a blood protein called apolipoprotein A-IV, while eating a diet very high in carbohydrates lowers it.
Studies have found that the effect of rumination on cortisol levels varies between groups, which may be because caffeine use and depression risk factors interact differently depending on the...
People who regularly consume caffeine show a stronger cortisol response to stress, and this pattern was observed in two separate groups of young adults.
People who regularly drink caffeine and tend to ruminate excessively do not show the typical decrease in cortisol levels that is linked to depression risk, indicating that caffeine might affect how...
Consuming caffeine on the same day as a stress test does not change the level of cortisol released in response to stress in healthy young adults. The pattern of cortisol response is more likely...
People who regularly consume caffeine show a stronger cortisol response when exposed to social stress, compared to those who do not.
After surgery to treat Cushing's disease, some patients show very low levels of cortisol in the blood, reduced ability to convert cortisone to cortisol, and faster clearance of cortisol from the...
In people with Cushing's disease, a specific ratio of steroid metabolites in urine is lower than normal, which suggests that the enzyme responsible for activating cortisone into cortisol is not...
Some people with high levels of cortisol in their blood do not show the typical physical signs of Cushing's disease, such as weight gain or bruising, which may be due to their bodies converting less...
In men with obesity, the drug carbenoxolone does not improve insulin sensitivity as effectively as it does in men with normal weight, suggesting that obesity alters how the body responds to this type...
In obese men, a drug called carbenoxolone does not block a specific enzyme in fat tissue that regulates stress hormones, suggesting that existing drugs of this type are not strong enough or cannot...
Carbenoxolone, a drug that blocks an enzyme involved in cortisol production, lowers cortisol regeneration throughout the body in obese men, but it does not significantly reduce cortisol regeneration...
In lean men, insulin reduces the activity of an enzyme in fat tissue that regulates cortisol, but this reduction does not occur in obese men, suggesting a difference in how insulin affects cortisol...
In obese men, the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 converts inactive cortisol to its active form at higher rates in abdominal fat tissue than in lean men, even though overall cortisol...
In children with a mild form of underactive thyroid and an intact thyroid gland, taking iodine supplements for a year does not cause the thyroid to grow larger or change shape, based on ultrasound...
In children with a specific genetic mutation (DUOX2) and mild thyroid underactivity not caused by autoimmunity, taking iodine supplements within the range of 50–150 micrograms per day does not bring...
In children with a mild form of congenital hypothyroidism and an intact thyroid gland, giving iodine supplements does not change how their thyroid function develops over time, based on measurements...
Giving children with mild thyroid hormone imbalance a daily iodine supplement within the recommended range for up to one year does not lead to the development of new antibodies targeting the thyroid...
In children with mild thyroid hormone imbalances, taking iodine supplements that gradually increase from 50 to 150 micrograms per day for nine months leads to a measurable increase in TSH hormone...
Taking standard iodine supplements during pregnancy can raise iodine levels in urine beyond the safety threshold recommended by the WHO, even in women who are only mildly deficient.
A study found that giving iodine to pregnant women did not lead to a measurable increase in their children's IQ scores at age 5.7, but this may be because the study did not include enough...
Giving iodine supplements to pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency does not reduce the occurrence of isolated hypothyroxinemia or subclinical hypothyroidism, even when urinary iodine levels...