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For women, having the GG version of the PDIA3 gene is linked to more metabolic syndrome issues, but this isn't the case for men.
Descriptive
People with four metabolic syndrome issues are about 68 times more likely to have the GG version of the PDIA3 gene than those with fewer issues.
Correlational
Chinese people with metabolic syndrome who have the GG version of the PDIA3 gene tend to have higher levels of 'bad' cholesterol (LDL) and total cholesterol than those with other versions.
For women taking blood pressure medication, having the GG version of the PDIA3 gene makes the medication work better than expected, reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome components more than just adding up the individual effects.
People with the GG version of the PDIA3 gene tend to have higher blood pressure readings—about 5.8 mmHg higher systolic and 4.3 mmHg higher diastolic—compared to those with other versions.
People with a specific version of the PDIA3 gene (GG) are about 1.6 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome than those without it, based on a study of Chinese adults.
People with mild high blood pressure who ate within an 8-hour window were slightly more likely to feel hungry at night compared to those who only followed the DASH diet.
People with mild high blood pressure who ate within an 8-hour window while following the DASH diet lost about 1.3 kilograms of body fat over six weeks, while those who only followed the DASH diet didn't lose fat.
Quantitative
People with mild high blood pressure who ate within an 8-hour window while following the DASH diet saw their BMI drop by 1.3 points over six weeks, while those who only followed the DASH diet didn't see a change.
People with mild high blood pressure who ate within an 8-hour window while following the DASH diet lost about 4 kilograms over six weeks, while those who only followed the DASH diet didn't lose weight.
People with mild high blood pressure who excreted more salt in their urine while following the DASH diet and eating within an 8-hour window also had bigger drops in their blood pressure.
When people with mild high blood pressure followed the DASH diet and ate within an 8-hour window, those who lost more fluid around their cells also had bigger drops in their blood pressure.
People with mild high blood pressure who ate within an 8-hour window excreted more salt in their urine compared to those who only followed the DASH diet.
People with mild high blood pressure who followed the DASH diet and ate within an 8-hour window lost fluid around their cells, but the fluid inside their cells stayed the same.
People with mild high blood pressure who ate within an 8-hour window saw their nighttime blood pressure drop more significantly compared to daytime levels after six weeks.
For people with mild high blood pressure, eating all meals within an 8-hour window while following the DASH diet lowers blood pressure more than just the DASH diet alone over six weeks.
Causal
Eating meals with different potassium levels doesn't change the size of the radial artery or how much blood flow increases after a temporary blockage in people with controlled high blood pressure.
One hour after eating a high-potassium meal, people with controlled high blood pressure have higher blood fat levels compared to a low-potassium meal, which is a statistically significant difference.
One hour after eating a low-potassium meal, people with controlled high blood pressure have higher blood sugar levels than after a high-potassium meal, which is a statistically significant difference.
Two hours after eating a high-potassium meal, people with controlled high blood pressure have slightly higher diastolic blood pressure compared to a low-potassium meal, though the difference is small.
After eating a high-potassium meal, people with controlled high blood pressure may have slightly better blood vessel relaxation two hours later, but this difference isn't strong enough to be considered statistically significant.
When people with controlled high blood pressure eat a meal high in potassium, their blood potassium levels go up significantly compared to a low-potassium meal, especially within an hour and two hours after eating.
For people with controlled high blood pressure, eating a meal with lots of potassium doesn't change how well their blood vessels relax at the start of the meal compared to a meal with less potassium.
When mice eat a lot of salt, adding a moderate amount of potassium lowers their blood pressure, showing that potassium's main benefit might be fighting high blood pressure caused by salt.