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Contrary to common belief, selenium from yeast supplements is not the most easily absorbed form—under lab conditions, it releases less selenium than selenate and more than selenite, suggesting its...
Regardless of the form—selenate, yeast, or selenite—only up to 14% of the selenium in these supplements becomes available for absorption during simulated digestion, meaning most of the selenium...
When tested in a lab system that mimics human digestion, selenium in the form of selenate is released more readily than selenium from yeast or selenite, and selenite barely releases any selenium at...
The metabolic effects of turning off ADGRA1 only occur in male mice, not females, because males naturally have more of this protein in their brains, and testosterone increases its production.
The ADGRA1 protein normally suppresses key signaling pathways in the hypothalamus that drive metabolism; removing it allows these pathways to become more active, increasing energy use.
When ADGRA1 is deleted in male mice, the brain signals the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormones, which in turn increases the body’s metabolic rate.
In rats, a substantial portion of thyroxine is processed into a sulfate form and released into bile, and this pathway becomes more active when the main hormone-breakdown enzyme is blocked. This...
Patients who stayed in remission longer after stress relief were more likely to have taken beta-blockers for a longer time, but these drugs don't treat the underlying thyroid problem—so their use may...
Without ADGRA1, the nerves that signal fat tissue to burn energy become more active, increasing the production of proteins that help fat cells generate heat instead of storing it.
People with Graves disease who had a prior history of thyroid problems, like mild underactive thyroid or a previous episode of overactive thyroid, were more likely to have their condition return...
In rats, the ratio of two specific thyroid hormone metabolites in bile drops sharply after propylthiouracil treatment, making it a reliable marker for detecting inhibition of the enzyme that breaks...
Male mice without the ADGRA1 gene maintain a higher body temperature than normal mice, even in cold conditions, because their fat tissues generate more heat.
Of the nine people with Graves disease who recovered after reducing stress, nearly half saw their symptoms return within a few years, showing that stress relief doesn't always lead to a lasting cure.
In rats, propylthiouracil does not change how much thyroxine is excreted as a glucuronide conjugate, suggesting that this metabolic pathway remains unaffected even when deiodination is blocked. This...
When the ADGRA1 gene is turned off in male mice, they burn more energy and generate more body heat, leading to significantly lower body weight over time—even though they eat the same amount and move...
People with Graves disease who had very high thyroid hormone and antibody levels when diagnosed were less likely to recover after reducing stress, indicating that how severe the disease was at the...
In rats, propylthiouracil causes more thyroxine to remain in the bloodstream and less iodine to be excreted in urine, indicating that the drug blocks the normal breakdown of thyroid hormone. This...
Among 11 people diagnosed with Graves disease after a major emotional event who chose not to take thyroid medication, 9 saw their symptoms and hormone levels return to normal within a few months...
In rats, a drug called propylthiouracil changes how the liver processes thyroid hormones, leading to more sulfate-bound thyroxine being released into bile and a sharp drop in the ratio of two...
As people age, the amount of iodine in their blood tends to rise slightly, and men generally have a bit more iodine in their blood than women, which may be due to differences in body size, muscle...
People with higher iodine intake and higher blood iodine levels are more likely to have thyroid antibodies, but the overall number of people with these antibodies doesn’t increase with higher iodine...
The amount of iodine in scalp hair is weakly linked to how much iodine people consume and have in their blood or urine, meaning it might show long-term exposure, but it’s too inconsistent to use for...
The amount of iodine in the blood is moderately linked to how much iodine people consume and excrete in urine, and the lowest normal level of blood iodine (49.9 μg/L) matches the WHO cutoff for...
In adults who already get enough iodine from their diet, higher levels of iodine in the blood are linked to a small increase in TSH and a slight decrease in thyroid hormones, but these changes stay...